Definition and Principle

Permanent alloy magnets refer to magnetic alloys that can retain a high remanence after being magnetized and the external magnetic field is removed. Their magnetism originates from the special atomic structure and the arrangement of magnetic moments within the alloy. At the microscopic level, the atomic magnetic moments in the alloy form magnetic domains. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the directions of the magnetic domains are randomly distributed, and the vector sum of the overall magnetic moments is close to zero. After an external magnetic field is applied, the magnetic domains will rearrange along the direction of the external magnetic field, forming a larger vector sum of magnetic moments, thus exhibiting macroscopic magnetism.

Main Types

Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Alloys: Such as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB), samarium cobalt (SmCo), etc. NdFeB has extremely high magnetic energy product and coercive force, and can provide a large magnetic force in a small volume, but its chemical properties and thermal stability are relatively poor. SmCo, on the other hand, has high resistance to high temperature, oxidation and corrosion. Alnico Permanent Magnetic Alloys: They have a relatively high remanence and good temperature stability, and can maintain good magnetic properties in a high-temperature environment, but the coercive force is relatively low. Deformable Permanent Magnetic Alloys: They have good plasticity and processing performance, and can be processed into various shapes and sizes of magnetic components through processes such as rolling and forging. Alloys such as 2J21 and 2J23 have good hysteresis characteristics under medium and high working magnetic fields. Manganese-Aluminum-Carbon Permanent Magnetic Alloys: They have a relatively low cost, a certain degree of magnetism and good corrosion resistance, but their magnetic properties are relatively weak. Bonded Rare Earth Permanent Magnetic Alloys: They are made by mixing rare earth permanent magnetic powders with binders, and can be made into magnetic products with complex shapes, having good formability and dimensional accuracy, but their magnetic properties are usually lower than those of sintered permanent magnets.

Performance Characteristics

High Magnetism: They have high remanence, high coercive force and high magnetic energy product, can generate a strong magnetic field, and can provide the required magnetic force in a small volume and with a light weight. Good Stability: Under certain environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, they can maintain stable magnetic properties and are not easy to demagnetize. Some permanent magnetic alloys such as SmCo and Alnico have good high-temperature resistance and can work normally in a high-temperature environment. Strong Corrosion Resistance: Some permanent magnetic alloys, through special treatment or due to their own compositional characteristics, have good corrosion resistance and can maintain their performance in corrosive environments such as humidity, acid and alkali. Good Mechanical Properties: They have a certain degree of hardness and strength, can withstand a certain amount of external force, are not easy to be damaged, and can meet the mechanical requirements in different application scenarios.

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