Product Introduction
Ceramic ferrite magnets, sometimes referred to as ceramics because of the process used to produce them, are one of the cheapest types of permanent magnetic materials. The material became commercially available in the mid-1950s and has since found its way into countless applications, including arc magnets for motors, magnetic chucks, and magnetic tools.
The raw material for these magnets-iron oxide-is mixed with strontium or barium and then ground into a fine powder. The powder is then mixed with a ceramic binder and the magnets are produced through compression or extrusion molding techniques, followed by a sintering process. The nature of the manufacturing process means that the product often contains defects such as cracks, pores, and gaps. Fortunately, these defects rarely affect the performance of the magnet.
To improve the performance of ceramic ferrite magnets, the ferrite compound may be subjected to a magnetic field during the pressing process. This bias induces a preferred magnetization direction in the magnet, significantly reducing its performance in any other direction. For this reason, ceramic ferrite magnets are available in both oriented (anisotropic) and non-oriented (isotropic) grades. Due to their lower magnetic properties, the isotropic grade of ferrite, Ceramic 1, is often used where complex magnetization patterns are required and where biasing in the process would be cost-prohibitive.
Ceramic ferrite magnets are inherently brittle and it is strongly recommended that they not be used as structural elements in any application. They have the worst thermal stability of all the magnetic families, but they can be used in environments up to 300 °C (570 °F). Dimensional repeatability of pressed parts is difficult to control, so parts requiring tight tolerances require a secondary grinding operation to ensure consistency.
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