Magnetic Knowledge of Magnets

How do magnets maintain magnetism?
A permanent magnet, as the name suggests, is an object that can maintain its own magnetism for a long time without an external magnetic field. Depending on the material, it can generally last for up to 10 years, and permanent magnets can be made of ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, etc.
Its atomic structure is unique, and the atoms themselves have magnetic moments. Generally, these mineral molecules are arranged in a disordered manner, and the magnetic regions interact with each other to show no magnetism. However, under the guidance of external forces such as magnetic fields, the molecular arrangement tends to be consistent, showing magnetism, commonly known as magnets. Iron, cobalt, and nickel are the most commonly used magnetic substances. Basically, magnets are divided into permanent magnets and soft magnets. Permanent magnets add strong magnetism to make the spin of magnetic substances and the angular momentum of electrons arranged in a fixed direction; Soft magnetism is the addition of current, and when the current is removed, soft iron will gradually lose its magnetism. Magnets are just a general term, referring to those with magnetism, and their actual composition may not necessarily include iron. Pure metallic iron itself does not have permanent magnetism, and only when it is close to a permanent magnet can it induce magnetism. Generally, other impurity elements such as carbon are added to a permanent magnet to stabilize magnetism, but this reduces the freedom of electrons and makes it difficult to conduct electricity. Therefore, when current passes through, the light bulb cannot light up. Iron is a common magnetic element, but many other elements have stronger magnetism, Many powerful magnets are made by mixing neodymium, iron, boron, etc.