Aluminum Nickel Cobalt Magnet

Aluminum Nickel Cobalt is one of the first developed permanent magnet materials, which is an alloy composed of aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron and other trace metal elements. Aluminum Nickel Cobalt permanent magnet material was developed successfully in the 1930s. At that time, its magnetic performance is the best, and the temperature coefficient is small, so it is the most widely used in permanent magnet motor. After the 1960s, with the advent of ferrite permanent magnet and rare earth permanent magnet, the application of aluminum nickel cobalt permanent magnet in the motor has been gradually replaced, and the proportion has been declining.

Aluminum Nickel Cobalt Permanent magnet is an alloy of iron in which aluminum, nickel, cobalt, and a small amount of other magnetic enhancing ingredients are added in addition to iron. The English term "AlNiCo" is a combination of the symbols of the elements of the three main additions.

Aluminum Nickel Cobalt magnet alloy has high coercivity and high Curie temperature. Aluminum Nickel Cobalt alloy is hard and brittle and cannot be cold worked. It must be made by casting or sintering process. Aluminum Nickel Cobalt can produce a magnetic field of up to 0.15 Tesla. For an example of an intermediate anisotropic cast Al nickelco alloy, the composition of AlNiCo-6 is 8% Al, 16% Ni, 24% Co, 3% Cu, 1% Ti, and the rest are Fe. AlNiCo-6 has a maximum magnetic energy product of 3.9 megagauss-oesteds (MG·Oe), a coercivity of 780 oersted, a Curie temperature of 860 °C, and a maximum operating temperature of 525 °C.

In 1931, Mishima, a Japanese materials expert, discovered an aluminum-nickel-cobalt alloy (58% Fe, 30%Ni, 12%Al) with a specific composition that was twice as coercive as the best magnetic steels of the period. Before the discovery of rare earth magnets in the 1970s, Aluminum Nickel Cobalt was the strongest material for permanent magnets.

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